Android 通知 Notification 使用¶
更新日期 2024-05-21
- 2024-05-21 创建文档
介绍¶
- NotificationManager - 用于提示的管理，例如发送、取消
- NotificationCompat.Builder - Builder模式构造notification；可参考《Effective Java》第2条
- Notification - 提示，能够显示在状态栏和下拉栏上；构造实例能设定flags
Notification使用示例¶
本文记录Android Notification的使用方法。
界面中放置了很多个按钮，每个按钮发送的提示并不完全相同。流程都一样。
设定一个NotificationManager，使用NotificationCompat.Builder来建立Notification；点击按钮时NotificationManager.notify发送提示
示例的gradle配置：
- compileSdk 34
- minSdk 23
- targetSdk 34
点击启动MainActivity的例子¶
setSmallIcon是不可缺少的MainActivity launchMode="singleInstance"；便于返回 activity- Notification.FLAG_NO_CLEAR 下拉栏点击清除全部时，仍然保留
Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0 /* Request code */, intent,
PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
String channelId = "defaultChannelId000";
Uri defaultSoundUri = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder =
new NotificationCompat.Builder(getApplicationContext(), channelId)
// 必须设置small icon
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setContentTitle("通知1")
.setContentText("Notification.FLAG_NO_CLEAR 点击回到app")
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setSound(defaultSoundUri)
.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
NotificationManager notificationManager =
(NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Since android Oreo notification channel is needed.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId,
"Channel human readable title",
NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH);
notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
}
Notification notification = notificationBuilder.build();
// 下拉栏点击清除全部时，仍然保留
notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_NO_CLEAR;
notificationManager.notify(0, notification);
自动消失的例子¶
使用setTimeoutAfter()方法可以设置通知在多久之后自动消失，即使用户没有与之交互。
Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0 /* Request code */, intent,
PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
String channelId = "defaultChannelId000";
Uri defaultSoundUri = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder =
new NotificationCompat.Builder(getApplicationContext(), channelId)
// 必须设置small icon
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setContentTitle("2秒消失通知")
.setContentText("设置了setTimeoutAfter")
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setSound(defaultSoundUri)
.setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
.setTimeoutAfter(2000);
NotificationManager notificationManager =
(NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Since android Oreo notification channel is needed.
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId,
"Channel human readable title",
NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
}
Notification notification = notificationBuilder.build();
// 用户点击后消失
notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
notificationManager.notify(3 /* ID of notification */, notification);
清除指定通知¶
NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.cancel(notificationId); // notificationId是你之前用来显示通知的ID
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